Cloning-+scientific+expansion

 = Cloning = = (Scientific Expansion) =

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//Science.// It existed in the 18th century and it has become a major influence on the 21st century. There are so many new inventions in the 21st century, and they all exist because of science. //Cloning// also exists because of science, and it's one of the most widely debated subjects in the 21st century because of its scientific and ethical implications. Let's go over two different types of cloning, real life cases, and the future potentially involving cloning. 

Central Issues
There are two types of cloning that I want to talk about- reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning is a technology used to produce an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. Scientists transfer DNA from one animal to an egg whose DNA has been removed. This egg must be treated very cautiously in order to simulate cell division. Once this cloned embryo reaches a suitable stage, the egg is transferred to the uterus of a female host where it continues to develop until birth. The end result is a clone of the animal whom the DNA was extracted from. Therapeutic cloning, also known as "embryo " cloning, is used because of the stem cells that an embryo or umbilical cord contains. Stem cells are important because they can potentially be used to create any type of specialized cell in the body, such as a blood cell or a skin cell. The stem cells are removed from the embryo or umbilical cord and harvested in a certain way to create whatever type of cell is needed. Scientists someday hope to use stem cells as replacement cells to treat heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, and even paralysis. 

Conclusion
While it's a far cry away from the science of the 18th century, cloning has already been done. In fact, scientists have been cloning for many years. In 1952, the first animal, a tadpole, was cloned using reproductive cloning. Then, in 1997, the first mammal was cloned- a sheep by the name of Dolly. Since Dolly, a number of animals have been cloned, including sheep, goats, cows, mice, and pigs. However, some species of animals are more resistant to cloning, causing just one of the many ethical and scientific concerns surrounding cloning.  media type="custom" key="5101713" align="center"

Does Science Stop Us Cloning?


 * References **<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;">"Cloning Fact Sheet." //Oak Ridge National Laboratory//. Web. 07 Dec. 2009. <//http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml//>.

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